{"id":6201,"date":"2022-09-20T19:09:13","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T12:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hoinguoidibien.vn\/?p=6201"},"modified":"2022-09-22T10:18:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-22T03:18:49","slug":"thoa-thuan-cho-day-tau-so-luong-hang-toi-thieu-la-bao-nhieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/thoa-thuan-cho-day-tau-so-luong-hang-toi-thieu-la-bao-nhieu\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u201cch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0u\u201d, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>T\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng xa h\u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edf x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 115 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0110\u00f4i khi trong giao d\u1ecbch thu\u00ea t\u00e0u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n theo h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n theo chuy\u1ebfn (voyage charter party), v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u201c<em>ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0u<\/em>\u201d\u00a0 (full vessel capacity) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd n\u00eau s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (letter of credit) hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t) m\u00e0 t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi c\u00f3 tranh ch\u1ea5p?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6204\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6204\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6204 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/hoinguoidibien.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1.png 650w, https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6204\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">T\u00e0u container c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2n M\u00e2y (\u1ea2nh mang t\u00ednh minh h\u1ecda)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, xin ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u201c<em>ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/em>\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0\u00ada bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ch\u1edf h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1c (load)\u00a0 h\u1ebft \u00a0h\u00e0ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n cam k\u1ebft \u201c<em>ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0u\u201d<\/em> ho\u1eb7c \u201c<em>ch\u1edf h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u<\/em>\u201d. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n mu\u1ed1n t\u00e0u b\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau h\u00e0ng th\u00ec t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, tr\u00e1nh r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edf h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 (ho\u1eb7c th\u00ad\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng) kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c dung sai v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0u s\u1ebd ch\u1edf. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c th\u00ad\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ghi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, t\u1ed1i \u0111a) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i xem s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0u s\u1ebd ch\u1edf c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng dung sai cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, 20.000 t\u1ea5n, 5% h\u01a1n\/k\u00e9m (do ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu x\u1ebfp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng b\u1ed1c l\u00ean t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 19.000 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn 21.000 t\u1ea5n m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u00ad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u. N\u1ebfu t\u00e0u l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef&#8230; th\u00ec tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u00ea v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi mu\u1ed1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 t\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, theo t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tu\u1ef3 \u00fd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng khi nh\u1eadn ch\u1edf theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201c<em>ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0u<\/em>\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c<em>ch\u1edf h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u<\/em>\u201d v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y bao nhi\u00eau d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6202\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6202\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6202 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/hoinguoidibien.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/z3736781169184_fdb1f6e33c892cda3903249b4a1fa0a1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/z3736781169184_fdb1f6e33c892cda3903249b4a1fa0a1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/z3736781169184_fdb1f6e33c892cda3903249b4a1fa0a1-300x161.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/z3736781169184_fdb1f6e33c892cda3903249b4a1fa0a1-1024x549.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/z3736781169184_fdb1f6e33c892cda3903249b4a1fa0a1-768x412.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6202\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, T\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n \u00e1n c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c<em>s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u nh\u01b0\u00ad d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i bi\u1ec3n<\/em>\u201d.\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u00e0u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng \u1edf xa, g\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef m\u00e0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng xa h\u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edf x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 115 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1ea7u, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef\u2026 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1. Xin g\u1eedi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1907 (&#8220;<em>Darling v. Daeburn, 1907<\/em>&#8220;) \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u01b0\u00ad sau: \u201c<em>the quantity of other deadweight items on board, such as bunkers, fresh water and stores must not exceed what is reasonably required for the voyage<\/em>\u201d.\/.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>LS. Ng\u00f4 Kh\u1eafc L\u1ec5<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng xa h\u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea3n \u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edf x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 115 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f4i&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6202,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[703,704,702],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-6201","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phap-luat","tag-giao-dich","tag-giao-dich-thue-tau-van-chuyen-hang-hoa","tag-thoa-thuan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6201"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6213,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6201\/revisions\/6213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6201"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mauweb.tamnguyen.vn\/dibien\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=6201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}